晋太宗宣武帝实录24
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
chenmu:Iwanttoknowwhatthehighestvirtuis?Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Thebestvirtueofagentlemanshouldbesincerity,Onlybyhavingkindnessinyourheartcanyoukeepyoursincerity,Onlybyhavingrighteousnessandsincerityinyourheartcanyoukeepit,Withbenevolenceandrighteousness,sinceritycanchangeinfinitelywithoutlosingitsessence,Thisisthehighestvirtue,Heavendoesnotspeakbutpeoplethinkheisclever,Thelanddoesnotspeakbutpeoplethinkheisgenerous,Theseasondoesnotspeakbutpeopleknowhewille,That‘sbecausehemaintainsthepurestsincerity,Ifheavenandeartharenotsincere,allthingswillnotgrow,Ifasaintisnotsincere,hecannotimpressthepeople,Ifthefatherandsonarenotsincere,thentheywillbeestranged,Ifthekingisnotsincere,thenthereisnoonetoassisthim,Sincerityistheintegrityofagentleman,Atthesametime,itisalsothesourceofgovernance。
萧凡:臣以为,非所困而困焉,名必辱。非所据而据焉,身必危。既辱且危,死期将至,妻其可得见耶?
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
chenmu:Thereisadescription,Trappedinstonesandtribulus,hereturnedhomewithoutseeinghiswife,Thisisabadsign,Sirtaughtmewhat‘sgoingon?
萧凡:臣以为,得道以持之,则大安也,大荣也,积美之源也。不得道以持之,则大危也,大累也,有之不如无之。及其綦也,索为匹夫,不可得也。齐湣、宋献是也。故用国者义立而王,信立而霸,权谋立而亡。
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。
chenmu:Theburdenofthestateisveryheavy,HowcanIca
yit?Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Ca
yitwithjusticethenitwillmakeyousafeandhonorable,Itwillbethesourceofallthatisgood,Ifyouca
yitwithevilthenitwillputyouindangeranddistress,Intheend,itwastoolatetoregretit,Therefore,ifyouca
yitwithrighteousness,youwillbecalledaking,Ifyouca
yitwithletters,youwillbecalledahegemon,Ca
yingitwithdeceptionwillleadyoutoruin。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陈牧:古来帝王,多以骄奢而取败,先生每犯颜切谏,不许我为非,我所以重之也,先生以为如何?
萧凡:臣以为,大王导臣使言,臣所以敢言。若大王不受臣言,臣亦何敢犯龙鳞,触忌讳也!所谓君明则臣直是也。唐太宗李世民曾言:以铜为镜,可以正衣冠;以古为镜,可以知兴替;以人为镜,可以明得失,大王得之矣。
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
chenmu:Inthepast,mostkingsperishedbecauseofnceitandextravagance,Youhavealwayssuggestedtomeveryseriously,inordernottoletmedoanythingbad,Therefore,Ivalueyouverymuch,Sirwhatdoyouthink?
xiaofan:Ithink,YouallowmetomakesuggestionsbeforeIdaretodoso,IfyouarenotwillingtoacceptmyadvicethenIdarenotoffend,Becauseyouareenlightened,theministerdarestosuggest,LiShiminoncesaid,Lookinginthemi
orallowsyoutodressneatly,Usinghistoryasami
orcantellthereasonsfortheriseandfallofuntries,Usingtalentasami
orallowsyoutoknowyourownrightandwrong,Youalreadyknowwhatitmeans。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。
陈牧:大理寺卿荀顗,杀我家臣,寡人欲罢其职,可乎?先生以为如何?
萧凡:臣以为,大王乃一国之君,今纵家臣而不奉公,则法削,法削则国弱,国弱则诸侯加兵,是无晋也,大王安得有社稷乎?以大王之贵,奉公如法则上下平,上下平则国强,国强则晋固,大王岂不尊荣,且大理寺卿荀顗奉公执法,而大王无故罢黜,恐失天下之望,臣窃以为不可。
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。
chenmu:XunYikilledmyattendant,andIwantedtoremovehimfromhisofficialposition,Sirwhatdoyouthink?
xiaofan:Ithink,Youarethekingoftheuntrybutyouindulgetheservantsandneverobeythelaw,Thenthecredibilityofthelawwilldecline,Whenlegalcredibilitydeclines,thestatebeesweaker,Thenotheruntrieswilltaketheopportunitytoattackyou,It‘saverydangerousthing,andyoucan‘tendupholdingtheuntry。Youarethenobleking,andifyoutaketheleadinobeyingthelaw,thenthecredibilityofthelawwillbeestablished,Becausethisuntryisgoingtobeestrong,Theuntryhasbeestronger,andasaking,youwillbemorehonorable。XunYanhandledcasesinacrdancewiththelaw,Youhavenoreasontoremovehim,I‘mafraidyouwon‘tbeabletonvincethepeopleoftheworldbydoingthis,SoIdon‘tquiteapproveofyoudoingthat。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。
陈牧:寡人愿闻,圣王用人之道,先生教我。
萧凡:臣以为,明王之使人有五:一曰以大体期之;二曰要其成功;三曰忠信不疑;四曰至公无私;五曰与天下同忧。以大体期之,则臣自重。要其成功,则臣勤惧。忠信不疑,则臣尽节。至公无私,则臣尽情;与天下同忧,则臣尽死。夫唯信而后可以使人也。
陈牧:先生之言甚善,寡人谨受教。
chenmu:Iwonderhowthewisekingsofthepastusedtousetalent,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithinktherearefivemainpoints,Thefirstiswhetherhehasabigpictureview,Thesendisbasedonthesizeofhiscredit,Thethirdisthatloyaltyandtrustarefine,Thefourthiswhetherheisjustandselfless,Thefifthiswhetherhecansufferwithothers,Onlyinthesewayscanyouusethemacrdingtodifferentsituations,Butbeforethat,there‘sapremisethatyou‘regoingtoshowyoursincerity,Otherwisetheywon‘tlistentoyou。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
xiaofan:Ithink,Getstuckwiththingsthatshouldn‘tbethere,Reputationcanbedamaged,Occupyplacesthatshouldn‘tbeoccupied,Liveswillbeindanger,Ifbothofthesemistakeshavebeenmade,thenthetimeofdeathisnotfaraway,Thereforeitwasimpossibleforhimtomeethiswife。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。
陈牧:敢问先生,何谓天德?
萧凡:臣以为,君子养心,莫善于诚。致诚无他,唯仁之守,唯义之行。诚心守仁则能化,诚心行义则能变。变化代兴,谓之天德。天不言而人推高焉,地不言而人推厚焉,四时不言而百姓期焉。夫此有常,以至其诚者也。天地为大矣,不诚则不能化万物;圣人为智矣,不诚则不能化万民;父子为亲矣,不诚则疏;君上为尊矣,不诚则卑。夫诚者,君子之守,而政事之本也。
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
陈牧:《易》曰:困于石,据于蒺藜,入于其宫,不见其妻,凶。何也?先生教我?
陈牧:《易》曰:何校灭耳,凶。何也?先生教我。
萧凡:臣以为,善不积,不足以成名;恶不积,不足以灭身。小人以小善为无益而弗为也,以小恶为无伤而弗去也。故恶积而不可揜,罪大而不可解。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。
chenmu:Sirtaughtmewhatabigmanis?
xiaofan:Ithink,Agentlemanstraightenshimselfoutanddoesthingswithdignity,Iftheyareinahighposition,theywillleadpeopletodosotogether,Iftheyareinalowposition,theywillinsistondoingsothemselves,Richescannotmakethemsexuallypromiscuous,Povertyandlowlinesscannotchangetheirambitions,Threatsandforcecannotmakethemafraid,Onlysuchapersoncanbecalledabigman。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。
chenmu:Thereisasayingthatitisunluckytowearouttheears,Sirtaughtmewhat‘sgoingon?
xiaofan:Ithink,Ifyoudon‘tinsistondoinggoodthings,youcan‘tbeefamous,Ifyoukeepdoingbadthings,youwillputyourselfindeath,Thelittlemanthinksthatthesmallthingsofkindnessareuselessanddoesnotdoit,Thevillainthinksthatitdoesn‘tmatterifhedoesevillittlethings,hewon‘tchangeit,Thusevildeedsandsinshavereachedaninsolublepoint。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。
陈牧:敢问先生,国家之利势,当以何持之?
陈牧:何谓大丈夫也?先生教我。
萧凡:臣以为,君子立天下之正位,行天下之正道,得志则与民由之,不得志则独行其道,富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能诎,是之谓大丈夫也。
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
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