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晋略

晋太宗宣武帝实录42

萧凡:臣以为,俭者,德之共也。存其心,养其性,俭约也。天理在人曰性,性者,生之质也。养,涵也。俭欲知足,可以养性矣。祸莫大于不知足。故人君当以俭德涵养其性,不至于奢侈。守静能为天下正。静,无为也。修,正也。人君宜静而无为,以修正其身耳。俭则人不劳,静则下不扰。《书》曰:用静,吉;用作,凶。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:Iheard,Thekingwastobefrugalinordertocultivatehischaracter,Sirtaughtmewhy?

萧凡:臣以为是也,良匠无弃材,明主无弃士,良匠能尽其木之性而用,是无弃遗之材;明主能尽其人之行而用,是无弃遗之士。斯二者,惟良匠明主及之。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:IheardthattheHolyKingwasalsoagoodcraftsman,Sirtaughtmewhy?

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,佚乐未终,倾危已至,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,贵不与骄期而骄自至,富不与侈期而侈自来,骄侈以行已,所以速亡。此言富贵生骄侈,骄侈恣嗜欲。若不知戒,则佚乐未终,而倾危已至,此必然之理也。《易》曰:安不忘危,存不忘亡。若能如此,可无患矣。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:Iheard,Excessiveindulgencecanleadtodisaster,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Richpeopleareextravagantanda

ogantbynature,Butexcessiveindulgenceacceleratesitsdemise,Therefore,ifyoudonotknowhowtorestrainyourselfthenthedangerwillsoone,Itisaninevitabletrend,Whenyouaresafe,youshouldnotforgetthedangers,Whenyouhaveit,youshouldn‘tforgetthemomentsyoudidn‘thave,Onlyinthiswaycandisastersbeavoided。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,显罚以威之,明赏以化之,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,罚当罪,则奸邪正;赏当功,则臣下劝。威,服也。化,劝也。威立则恶者惧,化行则善者劝,赏以劝善,罚以惩恶。人主不妄赏,非爱其财也;赏妄行,则善不劝矣。不妄罚,非矜其人也;罚妄行,则恶不惩矣。赏不劝,谓之止善;罚不惩,谓之纵恶。在上能不止下为善,不纵下为恶,则国法立矣。刑不滥,而威立矣;赏不僭,而化行矣。既不僭不滥,则为恶者知所惧,而为善者知所劝矣。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:Iheard,Usepunishmenttoestablishauthority,Rewardsareusedforindoctrination,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Ifthepunishmentmatchesthecharges,Thenthebadguyswillalsobeethegoodguys,Iftherewardandmeritmatch,Thenpeoplewillbeself-motivated,Thepunishmentisca

iedoutandthebadguyswillbeafraid,Rewardscanbecashedin,andpeoplewillmotivatethemselves,Rewardsaremeanttoinspiregoodness,Punishmentistodete

adguys,Kingsdon‘trewardindiscriminately,Itwasn‘tthathewasstingywithwealth,It‘saboutrandomrewardsthatcandisappointpeople,Nottopunishindiscriminatelyistofearharmtotheinnocent,Onlywhenkingsinspirethegoodandpunishthebadcantheruleoflawbeestablished。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,夫食为人天,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,民以食为天,农为政之本。仓廪实则知礼节,衣食足则知廉耻。此之谓也。是以天子亲耕于南郊,以共齐盛;王后蚕于北郊,以共纯服;诸侯耕于东郊,亦以共齐盛;夫人蚕于北郊,以共冕服。天子诸侯,非莫耕也;王后夫人,非莫蚕也。身致其诚信,诚信之谓尽,尽之谓敬。敬尽,然后民知所务也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iheard,Itisthemostimportantthingforpeopletoeatafullmeal,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Peopleregardhavingenoughtoeatasthemostimportantthing,Therefore,agricultureisfundamentaltothestate,Aftereatingafullmeal,youwillknowetiquette,Onlywhenyouwearclotheswillyouknowtheshame,Therefore,thekinghimselfcultivatedthefieldsinthesouthernsubu

swiththeaimofenuragingagriculturalproduction,Thequeenherselfraisedsilkwormsinthenorthernsubu

sinordertoenuragetheproductionofclothes,Theprincipalitiesfollowedtheexampleofkingsandqueens,Therewasnoneedforkingstocultivatethefields,Thequeenalsodoesnotneedtoraisesilkworms,Theydothistoleadbyexample,Andtreatthepeopleoftheworldwithintegrity,Onlybydoingsorespectfully,peoplewillfollowsuit。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

xiaofan:Ithinkso,Agoodcraftsmandoesnotwastematerials,LikewiseeveryoneundertheHolyKingisvaluable,Goodcraftsmencanuseitacrdingtothepropertiesofthewood,Sothereisnoscrap,TheHolyKingwasabletoappointtalentsacrdingtotheircharacteristics,Sotheirabilitiescanbefullyutilized,Onlygoodcraftsmenandholykingscandoit。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,夫君者,俭以养性,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,用人当,则必仁风流行,教化浃洽矣。失其用则不然。用人不当,则必亏坏风教,灭伤人伦也。故云,则哲惟难,良可慎也!

陈牧:寡人闻,明主亦为良匠,何也?先生教我。

陈牧:寡人闻,立国制人,资股肱以合德,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,君为元首,臣为股肱,明其一体,相待而成,股肱惟人,良臣惟圣,手足具乃成人;忠良备乃成圣。《书》曰:同力度德,同德度义。力钧则有德者胜,合德则秉义者强。

ain,andtheministersarethehandsandfeet,Theyareoneandneedtooperatewitheachother,Onlyinthiswaycantheuntrybegovernedwell,Onlyifthegoalisalignedandactionisnsistent,Thentheuntrycanbeestrongerandstronger。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iheard,Onlybyappointingtherightpeoplecantheworldbeeducatedwell,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Onlybyappointingtherightpeoplecanbenevolenceandrighteousnessbepromotedthroughouttheworld,Onthentrary,iftheappointeeisnotsuitable,itwillmakethesocialenvironmentworse,Therefore,itisdifficulttoappointtalent,Youhavetobecarefulaboutthis。

chenmu:Ihaveheardthatgoverningtheuntryrequiresthekingsandministersworkingtogether,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Thekingisthe

xiaofan:Ithink,Frugalityisthefoundationofvirtue,Onlyfrugalityandntentmentcancultivateyourcharacter,Excessivegreedleadstodisaster,Therefore,akingshouldbemorefrugalthanluxurious,Whenthekingremainscalm,theworldwillbestable,Itsessenceisnottoacta

itrarily,Onlyinthiswaycanthekingcultivatehischaracterandmaketheworldstable,Otherwise,itwillleadtodisaster。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,得其人则风行化洽,何也?先生教我。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

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