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晋略

晋太宗宣武帝实录28

陈牧:寡人愿闻,人君之道,先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,人君之道,清净无为,务在博爱,趋在任贤,广开耳目,以察万方,不固溺于流俗,不拘系于左右,廓然远见,踔然独立,屡少考绩,以此临下,此人君之操也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

萧凡:臣以为,不偏不党,王道荡荡,言至公也。古有行大公者,帝尧是也。贵为天子,富有天下,得舜而传之,不私于其子孙也。去天下若遗丽。于天下犹然,况其细于天下乎?非帝尧孰能行之?此盖人君之公也。夫以公与天下,其德大矣。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Ihaveheardthatwithoutselfishnessandwithoutformingaparty,thewayoftheHolyKingwillberealized,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。

eyesandearstounderstandtheworld,Notbeinfluencedbysquiresandrumors,Thekingshouldhavealong-termvisionandasubjectiveopinion,Anddon‘tbetooharshonothers,Thesearethewaysinwhichkingsgoverntheiruntry。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人愿闻,人君之事,先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,人君之事,无为而能容下。夫事寡易从,法省易因,故民不以政获罪也。大道容众,大德容下,圣人寡为而天下理矣。《书》曰:睿作圣。诗曰:岐有夷之行,子孙其保之。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:IwonderhowtheHolyKingdealswithpolitics,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Thekinghandledpoliticswithoutover-interfering,andwasverytolerant,Thesimplerthingsare,themorewillingpeoplearetofollow,Thesimplerthelaw,theeasieritistoimplement,Therefore,peoplearenotcriminalizedfortalkingaboutpolitics,Theking‘swayistoacmodatethepeopleoftheworld,SotheHolyKingdidn‘tdomuchbuttheuntrywaswellgoverned。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人愿闻,人上之道,先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,凡处尊位者,必以敬下,顺德规谏;必开不讳之门,蹲节安静以藉之。谏者勿振以武,毋格其言,博采其辞,乃择可观。夫有文无武,无以威下;有武无文,民畏不亲。文武俱行,威德乃成。既成威德,民亲以服,清白上通,巧佞下塞,谏者得进,忠信乃畜。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:Iwanttoknowhowpeopleofhighstatusbehaveintheworld,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Peoplewithdistinguishedstatusmustlearntorespectothersandlistentotheiropinions,Betolerantandopentothisandhumblywaitforadvice,Whenothersmakesuggestions,youshouldnotthreatenandinte

uptthem,Youhavetolistentothemwidelyandchoosevaluableparts,Youcan‘tntrolthewholefieldwithoutmajesty,Ifyouarenotelegant,peoplewillnotbeclosetoyou,Ifyouhaveboth,peoplewillbeclosetoandsu

endertoyou,Onlyinthiswaycanthegentlemanappearandthelittlemanwillleave,Andloyalandhonestpeoplewillgiveyouadvice。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,君子务本,本立而道生,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,本不正者未必陭,始不盛者终必衰。《诗》云:原隰既平,泉流既清。本立而道生。《春秋》之义,有正春者无乱秋,有正君者无危国。《易》曰:建其本而万物理,失之毫厘,差以千里。是故,君子贵建本而重立始。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iheard,Gentlemenattachimportancetothefoundation,andotherthingsaresimpleifthefoundationisgood,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Ifthefoundationisnotsolid,therewillbeproblems,Ifyoudon‘tstartwell,youwillendupfailing,Thereasonthewaterisclearisthatthesourceisclean,Theweatherisnormalinthespring,andtherewillbenochaosintheautumn,Ifthekingisupright,theuntrywillnotbeindanger,Onlywhentheinfrastructureisbuiltwellcaneverythinggosmoothly,Therefore,thegentlemanvaluesthefoundationandthebeginning。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人愿闻,古之圣人,何以养百姓,先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,圣人之于天下百姓也,其犹赤子乎!饥者则食之,寒者则衣之,将之养之,育之长之,唯恐其不至于大也。《诗》曰:蔽芾甘棠,勿翦勿伐,召伯所茇。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iwanttoknowhowthesaintstreatedthepeople,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Thesaintsregardedthepeopleoftheworldastheirchildren,Givethemfoodwhenthey‘rehungry,Givethemclotheswhentheyareld,Cultivateandeducatethem,Heexpectedthemtogrowuphealthy,

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

xiaofan:Ithinkitmeansextremejustice,Amongtheancientemperors,Yaoulddoit,Althoughheisveryhonorableandrichintheworld,ButhepassedthethronetoShuninsteadofhisson,Hegavethewholeworldtoothers,nottomentionothersmallthings,Onlyhecandoit,andthisistheultimatejustice,Itisgreattoextendtheultimatejusticetotheworld。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

enderandbemoved。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

陈牧:寡人闻,不偏不党,王道荡荡,何也?先生教我。

陈牧:寡人闻,国虽大,好战必亡。天下虽安,忘战必危,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,君子以除戎器,戒不虞者也。夫兵不可玩,玩则无威;兵不可废,废则召寇。昔吴王夫差好战而亡,徐偃王无武亦灭。故明王之制国也,上不玩兵,下不废武。《易》曰:“存不忘亡,是以身安而国家可保也。”

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

chenmu:Iheard,TheHolyKingusedthemilitarycarefullyandattachedgreatimportancetoculturaleducation,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Iftheworldisstable,thentheemperorcanhandlepoliticsandmilitaryaffairsindependently,Aftersuccessfully

ingingtheworldtopeace,hebegantoformulateliturgyandmusic,Itsroleistoogreattopromoteindoctrinationtotheworld,Itmakesthesocialatmospherebetterandmorestable,Therefore,theHolyKingestablishedschoolstopromoteindoctrination,Becauseofthis,thepeopleoftheworldwillsu

chenmu:Iheard,Althoughtheuntryislarge,itwillperishifitoftenlauncheswars,Althoughtheworldissafe,forgettingthewarwillbedangerous,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Gentlemenreorganizetheirarmamentsinordertodealwithsuddenaccidents,Themilitarycannotbeentertained,Otherwise,itwillloseitsmajesty,Themilitarycannotbeabandoned,Otherwise,itwillattractaggressionfromotheruntries,Inthepast,theKingofWuperishedduetofrequentwars,TheKingofYanperishedbecausehegaveupthemilitary,TheHolyKinggovernstheuntrywithoutentertainingthemilitaryorabandoningthearmy,Whenyouaresafe,rememberwhenyouareindanger,Onlyinthiswaycanthestateandtheindividualbestable。

chenmu:Iwanttoknowthepathofkingsgoverningtheuntry,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Thekingshouldgoverntheuntrywithoutover-intervention,Andbegenerousandkindtoothers,Thekingwillappointthewisemen,Andexpand

陈牧:寡人闻,圣主偃武修文,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,天下有道,则礼乐征伐自天子出。夫功成制礼,治定作乐。礼乐者,行化之大者也。移风易俗,莫善于乐;安上治民,莫善于礼。是故圣王修礼文,设庠序,陈锤鼓。天子辟雍,诸侯泮宫,所以行德化也。《诗》云:“镐京辟雍,自西自东,自南自北,无思不服。”此之谓也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

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