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晋略

晋太宗宣武帝实录29

esponsibletoseeakingmakeamistakeandnotto

ectit,Andasaloyalservant,heuldnotbeartoseethekingindanger。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

萧凡:臣以为其有三,王者之政化之,霸者之政威之,强国之政胁之。夫此三者各有所施,而化之为贵矣。夫化之不变。而后威之,威之不变,而后胁之,胁之不变,而后刑之。夫至于刑者,则非王者之所贵也。是以圣王先德教而后刑罚,立荣耳止而明防禁,崇礼义之。节以示之,贱货利之弊以变之,修近理内,政橛机之礼,壹妃匹之际,则下莫不慕义理之荣,而恶贪乱之耻,其所由致之者,化之使然也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:I‘veheardthatpoliticshasthreelevels,Sirtaughtmewhatthatwas?

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教矣。

chenmu:Ihaveheardthatgentlemenarealsocautiouswhentheyarealone,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Therootofexistence,death,misfortune,andblessingisinoneself,Anddarenotignorethesmallthings,Somesmallandhiddenthings,gentlemenalsoattachgreatimportanceto,It‘sallaboutnotregrettingandbeingunashamed,Itisonlybydoingsothatonecanpreserveoneselfandone‘suntry,Maintainthisattitudeatalltimes,evenwhenyouarealone。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:今天象连有异变,寡人甚惧,吾欲责臣下之疏,可乎?先生以为如何?

萧凡:臣以为,大王敬畏鬼神,忧恤黎元,而天气未和,寒暑违节者,咎在群臣不能宣化治职,而以苛刻为俗,百官无相亲之心,吏民无雍雍之志,至于感逆和气,以致天灾。百姓可以德胜,难以力服,《鹿鸣》之诗必言宴乐者,以人神之心洽,然后天气和也。愿陛下垂圣德,缓刑罚,顺时气以调阴阳。

陈牧:先生之言是也,吾知过矣,此乃寡人之不德也。

chenmu:NowtheweatherisveryabnormalandIamveryafraid,thereforeIwanttoblametheMinisterforhisnegligence,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,Youreveretheghostsandgodsandlovethepeople,Buttheweatherisunusualandtheseasonischaotic,That‘sbecausetheministerwasderelictinhisduties,Ministersarenotinharmonywitheachotherandgoverntheuntrytooharshly,Thismakespeoplerestlessanduneasyinside,ThisprovokedthewrathofGodandsentdownthepunishmentofnaturaldisasters,Thepeoplecanbeinspiredbyvirtueratherthanforce,

Onlybyobeyingthewillofthepeoplecanwesavethedisaster,Ihopeyoumakelawsthatarefairandnotharsh,Useyourvirtuetoimpresstheworld。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

陈牧:今渭水出宝鼎,郡守献之,寡人当如何处之,先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,祥瑞之降,以应有德;方今政化多僻,何以致兹!且大王诏书,禁人上事言圣,而间者章奏颇多浮词;自今若有过称虚誉,尚书皆宜抑而不省,示不为谄子蚩也。

陈牧:先生之言甚善,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:NowthereisatreasureintheWeiRiver,andthemayorwantstodedicateittome,WhatshouldIdoaboutit?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Theappearanceofthetreasureshouldbeinspiredbyvirtue,Butnowtherearemanyproblemsintheuntry‘sgovernmentaffairs,Sohowdidhedoit?Besides,youhavepreviouslyorderedtheprohibitionofthesehypocriticalthings,Buttheministers‘documentswerefilledwithpompouspraise,Ihopeyouwillaskthemnottodothisinordertoshowthatyou‘renotfainting。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:今,日有食之,寡人甚忧之,先生何以教我?

萧凡:臣以为,此乃民冤不能理,吏黠不能禁;而轻用民力,缮修宫宇,出入无节,喜怒过差之故也,愿大王永览前戒,深自引咎,诏群司勉修职事,极言无讳,各言得失,或可消过也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:NowthereisasolareclipseandIamverywo

ied,Sirtaughtmehowtodealwithit。

xiaofan:Ithinkthere‘sareasonforthat,Thepeoplehavegrievancesbutarenotdealtwithbytheurts,Officialsweretreacherousbutnotpunished,Laborwasusedheavilytobuildpalaces,Yougoouthuntingalotandhaveashorttemper,That‘saboutit,Iwantyoutolearnfromitand

ectyourmistakes,Youhavetomaketheministersdiligentinhandlinggovernmentaffairs,Andactivelylistentotheopinionsoftheministers,Allowthemto

ectyourmistakeswithoutblamingthem,Inthisway,theheavenscanbetouched。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

xiaofan:Ithinktherearethreekindsofit,TheHolyKinggovernstheuntrybyadvocatingindoctrination,Overlordsgoverntheuntrywithgreatemphasisonpower,Powerfuluntrieshandlepoliticalaffairsthroughercion,Thefirstoptionisthemostvaluable,Therefore,firstindoctrination,sendtoshowstrength,thirdisercionandfinallypunishment,TheHolyKinghadnochoicebuttousethepunishment,Therefore,theHolyKingadvocatedindoctrination,Ifthereisnoeffect,thepenaltyisused,Letpeopleknowabouthonoranddisgraceandwhatisfo

idden,Promoteetiquetteandrighteousnesstopeople,Handlepoliticalaffairsdiligentlyandadvocatea

xiaofan:Ithink,Thereasonwhyloyalsubjectsarenotafraidofdifficultiesandmakesuggestionswithintegrity,thatisto

ecttheking‘sfaults,Andnotfortheirownsake,Thekingmadeamistakewhichwasthebeginningofthedanger,Itwouldbei

陈牧:寡人闻,王臣蹇蹇,匪躬之故,何也?先生教我。

陈牧:寡人闻,政有三品,何也?先生教我。

ectviewofmoney,Then,everyoneintheworldwillyearnforsuchasocietyandbeashamedofdoingevil,luxuryandgreed,ThisisthesituationinwhichtheHolyKingadvocatesindoctrination。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

chenmu:IwanttoknowhowtheHolyKinggovernstheuntry?Sirtaughtme。

萧凡:臣以为,人臣之所以蹇蹇为难而谏其君者,非为身也,将欲以匡君之过,矫君之失也。君有过失者,危亡之萌也;见君之过失而不谏,是轻君之危亡也。夫轻君之危亡者,忠臣不忍为也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:Iheardthatloyalistsmadesuggestionswithintegrity,Theydothisnotfortheirownsake,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。

萧凡:臣以为,人君欲平治天下而垂荣名者,必尊贤而下士。《易》曰:自上下下,其道大光。又曰:以贵礼下,大得民也。明王之施德而下下也,将怀远而致近也。朝无贤人,犹鸿鹄之无羽翼也,虽有千里之望,犹不能致其意之所欲至矣。是故绝江海者托于船,致远道者托于乘,欲霸王者托于贤。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

陈牧:寡人闻,君子慎独,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,存亡祸福,其要在身。圣人重诫,敬慎所忽。《中庸》曰:莫见夫隐,莫显乎微,胡君子能慎其独也。谚曰:诫无垢,思无辱。夫不诫不思,而以存身全国者,亦难矣。《诗》曰:战战兢兢,如临深渊,如履薄冰。此之谓也。

xiaofan:Ithink,Ifthekingwantstogoverntheuntrywellandleavehisnameinhistory,hemustbehumbleandrespectfulofthetalents,Treatotherswithhumility,andthefuturecanbesmooth,Evenifyouarenoble,youmustrespectthetalents,Onlyinthiswaycanwegetpeople‘ssupport,TheHolyKingpromotedindoctrinationwithalowposture,Evenifthegoalisfaraway,itwilleventuallybeachieved,Theuntryhasnotalents,justlikeabirdhaslostitswings,Thenyoucan‘tgettowhereyouwanttogo,Therefore,ifyouwanttocrossthesea,youneedtohaveaboat,Ifyouwanttoreachfaraway,youneedameansoftransportation,Ifyouwanttobeeaholykingandoverlord,youneedthesupportoftalents。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人愿闻,人君何以平治天下?先生教我。

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