晋太宗宣武帝实录35
陈牧:今科条品制,四时禁令,悉备矣,然而天犹有不平之效,民犹有咨嗟之怨者,何也?先生教我。
萧凡:臣以为,此乃百姓屡闻恩泽之声,而未见惠和之实也。古之足民者,非能家赡而人足之,量其财用,为之制度。故嫁娶之礼俭,则婚者以时矣;丧制之礼约,则终者掩藏矣;不夺其时,则农夫利矣,愿大王察之。
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。
萧凡:臣以为,古之君子,邦有道则仕,邦无道则隐。隐非君子之所欲也。人莫己知而道不得行,群邪共处而害将及身,故深藏以避之。王者举逸民,扬仄陋,固为其有益于国家,非以徇世俗之耳目也。是故有道德足以尊主,智能足以庇民,被褐怀玉,深藏不市,则王者当尽礼以致之,屈体以下之,虚心以访之,克己以从之,然后能利泽施于四表,功烈格于上下。盖取其道不取其人,务其实不务其名也,大王当务厚道德,勤修政治,进善黜恶,秉至诚之心,安有勤求而不至者哉!
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。
chenmu:Iwantedtorecruithermitsbuttheydidn‘te,Isitnotenoughtoimpressthemwithmyvirtues?Isitbecauseofthepoliticalchaosthattheydon‘twanttohelpme?Isitbecausetherearetoomanytraitorsthattheydarenote?I‘mnfusedaboutthat,Sirtaughtmewhy?
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陈牧:弘农太守张扬,法当坐死,然牵连甚众,寡人当如何处之?先生教我。
萧凡:臣以为,其本当死,然恐多侵枉,春秋之义,责在元帅,罪止首恶。大狱一起,无辜者众,死囚久系,纤微成大,非所以顺迎和气,平政成化也。宜早讫章,以止逮捕之烦。
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。
chenmu:HongnongMayorZhangYangwastobeexecutedfo
eakingthelaw,Butit‘snnectedtoalotofpeople,HowshouldIdealwithit?Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Hereallydeservedtobeexecuted,ButIamafraidthatinnocentpeoplewillbewronged,Acrdingtotheprevioustreatmentplan,themaincharactersshouldbepunished,Ifyoupunishthemtogether,youwillinevitablyendangerinnocentpeople,Ifthesituationexpands,itisnotnducivetosocialstability,Youhavetomakeadecisionearlysoasnottohurttheinnocent。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陈牧:寡人欲封上官胤为颍阳侯,可乎?先生以为如何?
萧凡:臣以为,古之明君,皆以用贤、赏罚为务。失国之主,其朝岂无贞干之臣,典诰之篇哉?患得贤不用其谋,韬书不施其教,闻善不信其义,听谗不审其理也。大王所为,天人属目,不急忠贤之礼而先左右之封,上官外戚,并无功勋可录,而裂土封侯,其为乖滥,胡可胜言!夫有功不赏,为善失其望;奸回不诘,为恶肆其凶。故陈资斧而人靡畏,班爵位而物无劝。苟遂斯道,岂伊伤政为乱而已,丧身亡国,可不慎哉!
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。
chenmu:IwanttomakeShangguanYinastheMarquisofYingchuan,Sirwhatdoyouthink?
xiaofan:Ithink,Theancientsaintkingsregardedtheappointmentofsagesandrewardsandpunishmentsastheirmaingovernmentaffairs,Faintkingsalsohaveloyalsubjectsandbooksongoverningtheuntry,Buttheiruntryeventuallyperished,That‘sbecausetheydon‘tlistentotheadviceofthesages,AlthoughtheyreadtheHolyKingbooks,theydidnotimplementit,Andbelieveinvillainsinsteadofgentlemen,Whatyouaredoingnow,everyoneintheworldiswatching,Youdonotvalueloyalistsandsagesbutrewardattendants,ItisinappropriateforShangguanYintobemadeamarquiswithoutgreatmerit,Ifthosewhohavemeritarenotrewarded,thenpeoplewillbedisappointed,Iftheadultererisnotpunished,thentheywillbeevenmorea
ogant,Ifrewardsandpunishmentsfailtofollowtherulesthenthestatewillfallintochaos,Itcanevenleadtothedemiseofthestate,Howcanyounotbeafraidofit?
chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。
xiaofan:Ithink,Theformergentlemenwouldhaveappearediftheuntry‘spoliticswereclear,Iftheuntryisinchaosthentheywillhide,Theydon‘twanttodothateither,Butnooneunderstandsthemandtaketheiropinionsintoacunt,Andtheirlivesareoftenthreatened,Sotheychosetoescape,Thekingaskedthehermittoeoutandguidehimselfforthebenefitoftheuntry,Andnottosatisfythegazeofordinarypeople,Theirvirtuesmadethekingnoble,Theirtalentscanbenefitthepeople,Buttheygenerallydon‘teout,Therefore,thekinginvitedhimoutwiththehighesturtesy,Andaccepttheirteachingswithalowprofile,Thenthekingdidthingsacrdingtothehermit‘sadvice,Itisonlybecauseofthisthatkingcanbenefittheworldandbuildgreatfeats,Thekingdidthistobenefitthenation,Therefore,youwanttoimproveyourvirtues,Anddiligentlyhandlegovernmentaffairs,Rewardthegoodandpunishthewicked,Andinvitethemwithsincerity,Inthisway,itisimpossibleforthemnottoappear。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
uption,Thekingexaltshumility,andthenpeoplewillfollowit,Thesearethesevencanonsforgoverningtheuntry,Iftheseorderscanbeimplemented,thensocietywillbeestableandharmonious,Kingsaretherolemodelsforpeople,Aslongasthekingdoesagoodjob,theneverythingwillbegood。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
陈牧:今访隐士而不至,何也?岂吾德之薄而不足慕乎?政之乱而不可辅乎?群小在朝而不敢进乎?何贤者之不我从也?寡人甚惑焉,先生何以教我?
陈牧:寡人闻,以约失之者鲜矣,何也?先生教我。
萧凡:臣以为,尧、舜之居,土阶三等,夏日衣葛,冬日鹿裘;禹卑宫室,而菲饮食。此数帝者,非其情之不好,乃节俭之至也。故其所取民赋也薄,而使民力也寡;其育物也广,而兴利也厚。故家给人足,国积饶而群生遂,仁义兴而四海安,盖如是也。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。
chenmu:Iwouldliketoknowthesevencanonsgoverningtheuntry,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Thekinghonorstheoldman,thenthepeoplefollowthefilialpietytotheoldman,Thekingrespectstheelders,thenthepeoplewillrespecttheelders,Ifthekinggivesfavor,thenthepeoplewillbeetolerant,Whenthekingisclosetothewise,thenpeoplewillmakefriendscarefully,Kingsreverevirtuethenpeopledonotdobadthings,Ifthekinghates
uption,thenthepeoplewillbeashamedof
chenmu:I‘veheardthatveryfewpeoplefailbecausetheyarefrugal,Sirtaughtmewhy?
xiaofan:Ithink,Theholykinglived,dressed,andate,allverysimple,It‘snotthattheydon‘tlikeluxury,it‘sthatthey‘refrugal,thetaxestheysetarelow,Theydidn‘toveruselabor,Therefore,theynurtureawiderangeofthingsandbenefitthem,Therefore,thepeoplearestable,theuntryisrich,andtheworldisharmonious,Thisisthereasonwhytheypracticebenevolenceandfrugality。
chenmu:Nowthelawsandtheshariaareveryplete,butthereareunfairthingsintheworldandpeopleplainalot,Sirtaughtmewhy?
xiaofan:Ithinkit‘sbecausepeopleonlyheartheedictbutdon‘tseeitimplemented,Thepeopleofthepastdidnotplain,notthattheyweresorichbutthatthekinghandledgovernmentaffairsfairlyandreasonably,Theweddingissimpleandthenitcanbepletedontime,Thefuneralissimplethenitcanbeburiedontime,Withoutinterferingwithagriculturaltime,thenfarmerscanbenefitfromon-timeproduction,Ihopeyoucanlearnfromit。
陈牧:寡人愿闻,何谓七教?先生教我。
萧凡:臣以为,上敬老,则下益孝;上尊齿,则下益悌;上乐施,则下益宽;上亲贤,则下择友;上好德,则下无隐;上恶贪,则下耻争;上廉让,则下知节。此之谓七教也。七教者,治民之本也。政教定,则本正矣。凡上者,民之表也,表正则何物不正!
陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
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